GODDESS SARASWATI STONE SCULPTURES

The role of the goddess as one who fulfills wishes has remained one of enduring strength and consequence. In the ancient collection of sacred hymns known as the Veda, this aspect of the goddess already becomes manifest. The two most shining examples in this context are The Great Goddesses Lakshmi and Saraswati. Overall, the goddesses Lakshmi and Saraswati are highly revered in Hindu mythology and are seen as the embodiments of wealth, prosperity, knowledge, and the arts. Their representation in art and iconography serves as a reminder of the importance of achieving a balance between material and spiritual wealth.

The name Saraswati comes from the combination of the Sanskrit words saras, which can mean “pooling water” and can also be interpreted as meaning “speech”, and the word vati, which means “she who possesses”. Her name, therefore, has two literal translations. It can mean “she who has pooling water” or “she who possess speech”. Fittingly, the goddess Saraswati was originally associated with an ancient river that was also called Saraswati. In the Vedas, the river Saraswati was not only mentioned far more often than any other significant body of water but it was also the most revered. With regard to Saraswati as “she who possesses speech”, it is said that Saraswati is the inventor of the Sanskrit language.

As regards her status in the Vedas, Saraswati has priority over Mahadevi and Mahalakshmi – other two deities of the Puranic Trio manifesting Divine Female. Saraswati apart, the two deities of the Rig-Vedic Trio were Ila and Bharti, not Mahadevi and Mahalakshmi. Both, Ila and Bharti merged into the all-pervading personality of Saraswati during the later Vedic period – substantially in Brahmans. Though Vishwadevah is the primary object of the prayers that the Rig-Vedic richas – usually four-line verses offer, at least eighty of these richas laud and pray Saraswati. Saraswati, along with Illa and Bharti, is one of the twelve components of Vishwadevah. These collective richas apart, three of the suktas – conceptual hymns, are also devoted to Saraswati, which elevates her to the status of a sukta-bhak deity – a deity of higher order with a distinct and independent identity, one that is the subject of conceptual verses.

Goddesses in Hindu culture or Sanatan Dharma, the oldest religion in the world, are linked with divine feminine energy – the nurturing and compassionate aspect of the Godhead. The Shaktism school of Hindu tradition considers Shakti (feminine energy) as the ultimate source of all creation and the cause of the maintenance and destruction of the material universe. In contrast, the Vaishnavas claim Lord Vishnu as the Supreme cause of all causes and the original Personality of Godhead. Goddesses are the internal potencies of the male consorts and assist them in their various material and spiritual affairs. This can be understood through the analogy of fire. Fire has the characteristics of light and heat. Without these elements, it cannot be regarded as fire. This means that light and heat are inseparable parts and parcels of fire. Similarly, Goddess or Shakti is the internal energy of the Godhead and cannot ever be separated from Him. The root cause of energy is the energetic.

As Navaratri arrives, every devotee observing the nine nights of the goddess begins preparing to welcome and worship Durga and her various forms. From brass, copper, bronze, stone, and wood statues to paintings of the great goddess in her different aspects, Navaratri highlights the ways in which Hindu culture remembers and celebrates Devi. Going back to the ancient period, when the divinity of the goddess was represented through powerful symbols and simple iconography, Indian art has a plethora of ways in which Devi is commemorated. Looking at a few gems from Indian paintings, this article memorializes how Indian art traditions honor Hindu goddesses.

"...the originator of families, the preserver of the established order and the perpetuator of traditions...As the Great Goddess rules the heavens, her earthly counterpart, the woman, rules the home..." The living traditions of India have always identified the female of the species with all that is sacred in nature. But it is not always the warrior woman who is identified with the goddess, but also woman as playful, lovable, and of course as the Mother. In a delightful vein it is conjectured that the kick of a woman is sufficient and necessary for blossoms to spring from the sacred Ashoka tree.

Hinduism is an ancient and rich cultural tradition, enriched by practices as old as human civilization. Pilgrimage, worship, festive celebrations, and special rituals, are many ways in which religiosity is expressed and celebrated in India and Hindu culture. Among the different methods, one in particular- the worship of statues of gods and goddesses is a historical and powerful tradition. From the simple local temples of the early days to the grand structures of the early medieval period and the beautiful home Puja ghar that we see today, Hindu gods and goddesses established in the form of large and small statues are not just representational but are seen as the presence of the deity in the human world. Though every icon is powerful and auspicious always, there are special Hindu festivals on which a certain god or goddess is awakened more powerfully, and bringing their statue home on that particular festival ensures that the devotee experiences their positive impact more strongly in their lives.