Yamantaka in Yab-Yum

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Name: Yamantaka in Yab-Yum
Brand: Exotic India
SKU: ZO26
Price: 640.00 USD
Availability: InStock

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Item Code:	ZO26
Specifications:	Copper Sculpture gilded with 24 Karat Gold
Height:	11 inch
Width:	8 inch
Depth:	3.6 inch
Weight:	4 kg

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One of the most powerful yidams (protective deities), Yamantaka is shown here in physical union with his shakti. While he has multiple arms and heads (one of the latter of which is that of a buffalo), she has only one head and two arms. Both, however, stand belligerently, their legs (only one of hers) trampling upon gods, humans, animals, and birds. Of his nine heads only the one at the summit is calm; this is Manjushri, whose angry emanation Yamantaka represents. Grinning skulls form the tiara of his demonic heads. His thirty-four arms, spread on either side, hold a wide range of weapons and attributes. Meanwhile, holding a chopper and a skull cup, his shakti flings her arms on either side of his faces as she looks up at him with passionate and wrathful intensity.

The symbolism of the various limbs and attributes of Yamantaka are explained by Tsongkhapa:

His nine faces point to the ninefold classification of the scriptures; his two horns to the truths (conventional and ultimate); his thirty-four arms together with his spirituality, communication and embodiment in tangible form to the thirty-seven facts of enlightenment; his sixteen legs to the sixteen kinds of no-thing-ness....

Apart from such doctrinaire symbolism, Yamantaka signifies the cosmic as well as fierce form of Manjushri.

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How are Nepalese copper statues made?

Nepalese statues and sculptures are best known for their unique small religious figures and ritual paraphernalia for over two thousand years. These are mainly cast in copper alloy. Nepal draws influences from the artistic styles of Buddhism and Hinduism, and therefore the sculptors of the country specialize in making the icons of both these religions. Over the years, Nepalese sculptures evolved into their own distinctive iconography. Some characteristic features of these sculptures that differ from other pieces are exaggerated physical postures, youthful and sensual features, languid eyes, wider faces having serene expressions, and ornate flourishes. The Buddhist deity icons of Nepal have tremendous demand in countries such as China and Tibet for ritual purposes in their temples and monasteries.

Nepalese statues and sculptures have a high copper content and therefore develop a slightly reddish patina on the surface as they age. However, the most unique feature of Nepalese copper statues is their decorative detailing. The pieces are heavily gilded and sometimes inlaid with semi-precious stones. This embellishment protects them from getting tarnished. The traditional lost-wax method for casting Nepalese copper statues remains the most practiced technique in Nepal for many centuries. This process involves many steps and requires skilled artists.

The first step in lost-wax sculpting is to make a wax replica of the desired Buddhist deity to be cast in copper. This replica is created by hand and therefore needs excellent artistic skills otherwise fine features will be lacking.

Once the wax replica is made, it is then coated with a special mixture of clay with a brush. This layer of clay is hardened when left to dry. A small hole is made on the base of the wax mould so that the wax flows away when it is heated.

At this stage, a hollow mould in the shape of the deity is obtained.

This is the time to pour liquid copper into the hollow mould which is then allowed to cool and harden inside a container of cold water. When the liquid metal has hardened, the mould is removed and the statue within is revealed.

The artist works on the details of the statue using various tools. It is then polished to get a shiny and lustrous surface.

Now comes the most important part of Nepalese art which is gold gilding. This is done by the traditional fire gilding method. A mixture of mercury and 18K gold is applied on the surface of the statue and heat is applied using a flame torch. The result is that mercury evaporates along with impurities, leaving a pure 24K gold finish.

The lost-wax method of sculpting is the most preferred technique

for artists to cast a metallic statue having intricate details. Since Nepalese copper sculptures require extraneous effort for giving a majestic look by adding special embellishments, it takes several weeks to complete one masterpiece. A 24K gold gilded copper sculpture retains its brilliant luster for many years and appears as like before. Nepalese sculptures continue to remain one of the finest specimens of the art of the East that have a strong aesthetic appeal that other sculptures cannot match.