The sumptuously bejewelled Vishnu wears a towering crown known in iconographical texts as the 'Kiritamukuta.' This is literally and metaphorically the highest of all crowns. The shape is that of a rather conical cylinder, similar to a mitre, ending in a knot or point. When worn by a deity, this signifies that he has a rank among the highest of all gods. An elaborate solar halo frames his head. At the apex of the sculpture can be seen the protective mask of glory (kirtimukha).
The sculptor's exceptional mastery over the human anatomy is reflected in the well-defined facial features with a pointed chin and thick, semi-open sensuous lips. Large kundalas (earrings) dangle to his shoulders, while both chokers and long necklaces adorn his robust chest. Indeed, Vishnu has a strong muscular body, which stands erect like a column on a blooming lotus pedestal made of two layers of petals. A short ornamented dhoti with sashes and girdles ends at his thighs while numerous tassels hold this garment together at his waist. The sinuous robes and jewels act as a foil to his rigid stance.
Vishnu typically has four hands which express his dominion over the four directions of space. The two right arms hold the chakra (boomerang like solar weapon) and lotus (symbolizing auspiciousness). The upper left hand supports a conch (signifying the primordial creative voice), while the lower rests on an upturned mace which is said to have been crafted out of the bones of a demon Vishnu had annihilated in battle.
According to the Shilpa Shastra (an ancient text on Indian iconography), the image of Vishnu is of three types:
1). Sthanaka the standing pose
2). Asana the sitting pose, and
3). Sayana the reclining pose.
Here he is obviously represented in the first form, which symbolizes that Vishnu is the cosmic axis or tree of life, standing straight as a post, connecting the earth to the heavens above. To his devotees, this formal, hieratic representation of Vishnu - their refuge and protector - standing like a mighty pillar, is a deeply comforting sight.
This sculpture was created in Salem (Tamil Nadu), using Vengai wood.
How to care for Wood Statues?
Wood is extensively used in sculpting especially in countries like China, Germany, and Japan. One feature that makes the wood extremely suitable for making statues and sculptures is that it is light and can take very fine detail. It is easier for artists to work with wood than with other materials such as metal or stone. Both hardwoods, as well as softwood, are used for making sculptures. Wood is mainly used for indoor sculptures because it is not as durable as stone. Changes in weather cause wooden sculptures to split or be attacked by insects or fungus. The principal woods for making sculptures and statues are cedar, pine, walnut, oak, and mahogany. The most common technique that sculptors use to make sculptures out of wood is carving with a chisel and a mallet. Since wooden statues are prone to damage, fire, and rot, they require proper care and maintenance.
It is extremely important to preserve and protect wooden sculptures with proper care. A little carelessness and negligence can lead to their decay, resulting in losing all their beauty and strength. Therefore, a regular clean-up of the sculptures is a must to prolong their age and to maintain their shine and luster.
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