The Shaivite tradition perceives Shiva as both, ‘sakara’ – one with a form, and ‘nirakara’– one without a form, and while a humanized icon – an anthropomorphic image, represents his ‘sakara’ aspect, a linga-icon – Shiva’s most prevalent image, his ‘nirakara. The Shiva Maha Purana has used the term ‘ber’ for Shiva’s ‘sakara’ form, and ‘linga’, for ‘nirakara’. Shaivism asserts that all forms proceed from formlessness which suggests that form is the inherent character of ‘non-form’. Hence, Shiva-linga – the ‘nirakara’ or the ‘non-form’ aspect of Shiva, is often conceived with anthropomorphic features, usually a face – in any number, mostly one, three or five, but even more. Such images are known as ‘mukha-linga’ – a phallus with a face. Not that discovering a face-form in a tiny crystal Shiva-linga, as is this artifact, was a challenging feat, the artist, it seems, must have considered it as irrelevant for this formless entity – this Shiva-linga in crystal, already reveals innumerable forms in its mere dazzle – its formless aspect.
A Shiva-linga in crystal, the diamond-like pure medium, fluid and transparent, not a grain or air-bubble despoiling its lustre and purity, has exceptional significance – ritual and spiritual. As a piece of crystal, even when buried under mud or rock, or in the ocean’s depth or the earth’s deep layers for thousands of years, reveals the same lustre as ever, when it emerges out of it, so a crystal image of deity tears off the ignorance, however deep it is, when it emerges in the mind. In the matter, the glory of Shiva-linga is beyond par. It redeems even a hunter-like sinner who, for relieving himself of tension, plucks the leaves of wood-apple he was taking shelter on for the night after he had lost his way in the forest and throws them not knowing that they are falling on a Shiva-linga consecrated under the tree. The Shiva-linga destroys the darkness of ignorance in the hunter’s mind and redeems him. As for a crystal Shiva-linga, neither rusts the crystal, the icon’s medium, nor ever fades the image that it represents; and so does not fade the image it reproduces in the devotee’s mind, nor ever diminishes its power to enlighten the mind and purify the ambience.
This description by Prof. P.C. Jain and Dr. Daljeet. Prof. Jain specializes on the aesthetics of literature and is the author of numerous books on Indian art and culture. Dr. Daljeet is the curator of the Miniature Painting Gallery, National Museum, New Delhi. They have both collaborated together on a number of books.
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