Kaundabhaţţa, a well-known grammarian of the 17th century CE, wrote a commentary on Sabdakaustubha. Kaundabhațța was the son of Rangoji Diksita and the nephew of Bhațtoji Diksita. Kaundabhațţa's commentary is known as Vaiyakaraṇabhusanasara. Sabdakaustubha by Bhaţţoji Diksita is an elucidation of the Vyakarana-mahabhasya by the famous grammarian Patanjali. The author, Professor Sripada Satayanaryana Murthy, has been at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute as the Infosys Foundation Chair under the Academic Development Programme supported by the Infosys Foundation. During this tenure, as a part of his research project, he has been working on the Vaiyakaranabhusanasara with the aim of making it available to scholars with a lucid but critical commentary. This is the first part of the gigantic work.
center>About the Author
Professor Shri Shripada Satya Narayana Murthy studied the Vyakarana Shastram under the guidance of Mahamahopadhyaya Shri Peri Suryanarayana Shastri; Nyaya Shastram and Vyakarana Shastram from Shri Goda Subrahmanya Shastri; and Alankara Shastra from Mahahopadhyaya Shri Ramachandrula Koteswara Sarma. He served as a lecturer at Kandregula Jagannatha Rao Oriental College in Rajahmundry for 13 years. Later, from 1987, served in The Rashtriya Samskrta Vishwavidyalaya (National Sanskrit University), Tirupati, on various posts and was superannuated in 2016 as the Vice-Chancellor. At present, he is in the Infosys Foundation Chair at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI), Pune.
Professor Murthy has published more than 20 books on Vyakarana.
He wrote commentaries on many books on Paniniya Vyakarana, like Laghu Shabdendu Shekhara, Paribhashendu Shekhara, Navahnika Mahabhashya, etc.
He was honoured in 2019 with the President's Award.
"kanadam paninīyanca sarvasastropakarakam"
Since, among the vedängas namely, sikṣa, vyakarana, etc., vyakarana is mentioned as the face of the veda, through the statement "mukham vyakaranam proktam", the significance of the vyakarana in the classical (laukika) and Vedic (vaidika) literature is very clearly understood. The prime most utility of the vyakarana is to announce the authentic words along with declaration of the meaning. In spite of the existence of many ancient vyakaranas viz. aindra, candra etc., the vyakarana by the three munis (munitrayam) alone is shining on top of all the others. Panini maharsi pleased Bhagavan Mahesvara by his penance, obtained the 14 (caturdasa) aphorisms of mahesvara (mahesvara sutras) viz. a-i-un etc., and formulated the aphorisms as a treatise named asțadhyayī. Later Katyayana wrote vartikas for completing whatever was missed. Renowned as the incarnation of adisesa, Patanjali maharsi composed the mahabhasya commentary for both the sutras and the vartikas. The sutra, the vartikas, and the mahabhaṣya together are called Paninīyam. Hence arises the practice "paninīyam mahasastram padasadhutvalaksanam" (the paninīyam is the great sastra which is characterized by the authenticity of a word.) It is understood that, through the fame that vyakarana is the crest jewel among the meaning establishers, the foremost utility of the vyakarana is to announce the authentic words along with declaration of the meaning. Hence it is said by the composer of the mahabhasya in the section of the first chapter dealing with the purpose of studying vyakarana, and elsewhere in the paspasahnika -
Yadadhītamavijnatam nigadenaiva sabdyate|
Anagnaviva suskaidho na tajjvalatikarhicit||
The welfare is drawn by the application of the word in accordance with the sastra. The application of the word in accordance with knowledge of the meaning of the same causes advancement.
Paninīya vyakarana is seen to be categorized into two kinds - Prakriyavibhaga or the derivational process, the perception of word and meaning (sabdhabodha). In the Päninīyam, the source behind the development of the prakriya books is Panini's asțadhyayī. This book has 8 chapters, each chapter divided into four sections, amounting to 32 sections in all. In the whole asțadhyayī, starting from vṛddhiradaic until a a, there are 3981 Sutras in all. Maharsi Vyadi composed a treatise based on asțadhyayī named samgraha which has one lakh slokas. This book is only known by a mere mention in the mahabhasya, and vakyapadīya. The book is no longer available. maharṣiḥ patanjali wrote a prominent commentary for asțadhyayī sutras and vartikas. That is called mahabhasyam. Bhartṛhariḥ wrote a vast commentary of mahabhasya named vakyapadīyam. In the division of prakriya process, significant works are the vyakhya on asțadhyayī, kasika vṛtti, the vaiyakarana siddhanta kaumudī, praudha manorama, laghu sabdendu sekhara, etc.
The purport of a sentence is comprised by the mutual relationship of word and meaning. That is called perception of meaning through word (sabdabodha).
padajnanam tu karanam, dvaram tatra padarthadhīḥ|
sabdabodhaḥ phalam, tatra saktidhīḥ sahakarinī ||
(Knowledge of word is the instrument; meaning of the word is the entrance. The fruit of this is perception of word and meaning. Knowledge of meaning is the supporter.)
When the speaker speaks the word, the listener either indulges in or retrieves from any task only after getting the sense of the sentence. Hence the understanding of the sentence is instrumental in indulgence or retrieval. The purport of a sentence is understood when the mutual connection of the word-meanings through the supporters of the perception (sabdhabodhasahakari) - viz. expectation (akamksa), ability (yogyata), nearness (sannidhi) while the meanings of the words are present.
Kaundabhatta, a well-known grammarian of the 17th century CE, wrote a commentary on Sabdakaustubha. Kauņdabhatta was the son of Rangoji Dīkşita and the nephew of Bhattoji Dīkşita. Kauņdabhatta's commentary is known as Vaiyakaraṇabhuşaņasara. Sabdakaustubha by Bhaţţoji Dīkşita is an elucidation of the Vyakaraṇamahabhaşya by the famous grammarian Patañjali. The author, Professor Sripada Satayanaryana Murthy, has been at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute as the Infosys Foundation Chair under the Academic Development Programme supported by the Infosys Foundation. During this tenure, as a part of his research project, he has been working on the Vaiyakaraṇabhuşaņasara with the aim of making it available to scholars with a lucid but critical commentary. This is the first part of the gigantic work.
I hope that this commentary will be an important asset for all students of Sanskrit in general and all those interested in ancient Indian grammar in particular.
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