True Bugs of Central India (Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh)

Email

Whatsapp

Facebook

Pinterest

Twitter

Copy link

Hemiptera is the fifth most significant order of insects (Schuh and Slater 1995) and is known as a monophyletic group because of the presence of unique piercing and sucking type mouth parts called the rostrum composed of the concentric stylets interlock with one another to form the food and salivary canal (Backus, 1988; Kristensen, 1991, Chapman, 2003) Ancient lineage Hemiptera is associated with some fossils from Early Permian period (Kukalová Peck, 1991, Shcherbakov and Popov, 2002). Hemiptera is named for the thickness of the wings of one of its suborders Heteroptera, derived from the Greek word hetero means different, and ptera means wings, refer to the fact that the texture of the front wings known as hemelytra with leathery basal half, and membranous apical half. Heteroptera inhabits both terrestrial and aquatic and semi-aquatic ecosystems. These are small to medium sized insects commonly called as "bugs.

According to traditional classification, Hemiptera and Homoptera had been considered as two different insect orders and sometimes the latter one was considered as a suborder under Hemiptera. As per recent classification, Order Hemiptera is classified into four suborders namely, Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha, Heteroptera and Colcorrhyncha. The suborder Auchenorrhyncha has five superfamilies namely, Cicadoidea, Cercopoidea. Membracoidea, Myerslopioidea and Fulgoroidea under two infraorders namely. Cicadomorpha and Fulgoromorpha with about 42,000 species (Szwedo et al, 2004, Kuznetsova and Aguin-Pombo, 2015). Sternorrhyncha has five superfamilies such as Psylloidea, Aleyrodoidea, Coccoidea, Phylloxeroidea and Aphidoidea. The exact number of species belonging to Order Hemiptera is not yet precisely known. Hodkinson and Casson (1991) reported 1,84.000-1.93,000 species in 133 familes, later on Arnett (2000) reported 82,000 species, however according to Zhang. 2013 there are 1.04,165 species including extinct species are known. In India, 6,479 species of Hemiptera have been reported (Chandra et al., 2018)

Suborder Heteroptera has been divided into 7 Infraorders (Including terrestrial and Waterbugs) Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha these are aquatic, semi- aquatic and riparian respectively, terrestrial Heteroptera has been dived into four Infraorders viz Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Cimicomorpha, and Penatatomomorpha. Enicocephalomorpha is an infraorder containing about 450 described numbers of species, Dipsocoromorpha having about 300 species this is a very rare collected group of true bugs. Cimicomorpha is one of the largest infraorder in which family Miridae and Reduviidae having the maximum number of species. Penatatomomorpha is having about 15,000 known species around the world (Schuh and Slater, 1995). The suborder Colcorhyncha is not reported from India.

**Contents and Sample Pages**