Never before the present attempt the technique of Gandharan and Indo-Afghan stucco modeling is described comprehensively, though different archaeologists have touched this or that aspect of it only in a piecemeal manner in excavation reports of various sites. The entire technique is treated in this work, in the same order, in which a modeler creates images. Above all, the subject is viewed in its own context, i.e against the Indian background. This also has not happened till now that is why the foreign influence noticed in this or that aspect was liberally extended to all aspects and the whole creation was traced to an alien culture without justification. The present analytical approach to the technique reveals, plainly enough that the Gandharan and indo-Afghan artists proceeded in their work having been guided by the indigenous unbaked clay modeling, which they were traditionally practising for generations. Hence their technique of stucco modeling, too, is largely indigenous, though the impetus to use stucco as a medium of image making probably came from the Graeco-Roman traditions. The stucco as a material is however known in India two and a half thousand years earlier then the beginning of the Gandharan School of art as such.
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