न्यायावयवविमर्शः Nyayavayava Vimarsah

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Nyayavayava-vimarsha: is a critical study on the Pancavayava theories. In this book the author has explained the idea, nature and scope of the Avayavavada in the Nyaya Vaiuesika literature. Different opi- nions regarding Avayavavada are discussed in the light of Indian Logicians viewpoints. This book will be helpful to those scholars and students who are trying to search the idea and conclusion regarding Pancavayavas of Nyaya Vaisecika system of Indian Philosophy.

Dr. Krishnananda Chakraborty comes from a traditional scholar family. His father Late Lakshmi Kanto Chakraborty Tarkaveda Tirtha influenced him to learn the Indian Philosophy traditionally. Dr. Krishnananda Chakraborty was born (1955) at Saleang of Midnapore (West Bangal). He obtained Ph. D. degree from Calcutta University in 2000. He published many articles, named 'Sri'titattvam,' 'Svapnatattva vimar- oea%' etc., in different journals.

The topic of this book is related to the Pararthanumana in the light of Indian Philosophy. Avayavas are vital and important factors in the field of Pararthanumana. Pancavayavas have been explained in this book. The Indian logicians have paid a lot of attention towards the analysis of Pararthanumana. It should be clearly stated here that the five membered syllogistic reasoning is the subject matter of this book. Pancavayavas are pratijna, hetu, udaharana, upanaya and nigamana and should be used in the five sets of sentences. In ancient times the five membered syllogism was known by name, neither in their technical senses nor as members of syllogism. First Aksapada (about 150 A.D.) mentioned the members of the syllogism. According to the Naiyayikas, pratijna, hetu, udaharana and upanaya are based on verbal know- ledge, inference, perception and analogy respectively, but nigamana is the conclusion. To explain and grasp this five membered syllogims, I have tried to read the book in between the lines of Indian Logicians and other theories of Indian Philosophers.

The Nyayavayavavimarsah is a critical study of the Indian syllogism which first appears in the Nyayadarsana of Aksapada Gautama and is explained in the subsequent Nyayaliterature. Other branches of Indian Philosophy also accepted the avayavavada with amendments here and there. In course of time the topic assumed great importance. Aksapada proposes that the syllogism should consist of five members only. Vatsyayana criticises a rival Nyaya view raising the number of the member thereof to ten from five. The Buddhists, Jainas, Mimamsists, Vedantins, Samkhyas and others discussed the subject and raised important issues against it. In course of time the avayavavada assumed great importance among the Indian Philosophical Schools. The logicians of the subsequent epochs consistently supported the original position of Aksapada. In course of time the controversies subsided and the Nyaya position prevailed.

Dr. Krishnananda born of a traditional family of Naiyayikas took up the study of the avayavavada and examined the subject from all points of view. All the relivant sources have been explored by him and his conclusions are commendable. His studies will I hope, arouse new interests in the subject.

Abudant materials on Indian Logic are coming to light and it will be in the fitness of things if scholars like Dr. Krishnananda explore them and revive the Nyaya traditions still in the dark.