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Kalinga Under The Eastern Gangas (Ca. 900 A.D.- 1200 A.D.)

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Specifications
AZH166
Author: N. Mukunda Rao
Publisher: B.R. Publishing Corporation
Language: English
Edition: 2025
ISBN: 9789348610843
Pages: 260
Cover: HARDCOVER
9.5x6.5 INCHES
580 gm
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Book Description
About the Book
The book Kalinga under the Eastern Gangas (Ca. 900 A.D. to 1200 A.D.) is an exceptional work as it concentrates on a very detailed study of various aspects of the administrative set up of the Ganga state. His work begins with a comprehensive outline of the political history of the Eastern Gangas which is followed by a detailed survey of the general set up of the administrative machinery of the State. This descriptive chapter contains a thorough study of the subject. An interesting new contribution to this subject is the discovery of Rajavidyā and Gangavidyā as salient features of the Ganga kingship. The author analyses with great care the 'nayankara system' which later on became very important in on the Vijayanagara administrative set up of the Empire. The author rightly points out that this system might have originated in Kalinga and its neighbouring regions. The most important and perhaps also the most ingenious part of the book is the extensive study on the administrative divisions in chapter 6 the Erada vishaya or pampu in chapter 7 and the vishayas in their historical perspective in chapter 8. Of particular value are, therefore, the detailed lists and respective maps in chapter 8 about twelve vishayas in Kalinga. The last two major chapters deal with the economic and socio-religious conditions under the Ganga dynasty. Of particular interest is the section on land tenures with a detailed study on the Kara and Akara grants which provides new insight into the agrarian relations of Kalinga. The work concludes with a comprehensive chapter on "Summary and conclusion".

About the Author
Sri N. Mukunda Rao, (b.1939) did his graduation in the Hindu College, Guntur in 1960 and won prizes for academic excellences. In 1962, he took his Post Graduate Degree in History, Archaeology, Epigraphy and Numismatics from the Andhra University, Waltair. He joined the Epigraphy branch, Archaeology and Museums, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad in 1965. Several of his research papers on Epigraphy and Numismatics appeared in the leading Journals. He also participated in the conferences of A.P. History Congress and Epigraphical Society of India. He also contributed papers in the journals of Numismatic Society of India.

Acknowledgement
The present work entitled "Kalinga under the Eastern Gangas Ca.900 A.D. to Ca.1200 A.D." is the embodiment of my thesis originally entitled "Eastern Gangas and their times Ca.900 A.D. to 1200 A.D." aproved for the award of Ph.D. degree by the University of Poona. I express my grateful thanks to the authorities of the University of Poona for kindly according permission to publish the thesis. I am also extremely grateful to Prof. Dr. Herman Kulke, an authority on the History of Orissa, Heidelberg University, West Germany for kindly writing the foreword to the work with his invaluable comments.

I offer my homage to the doyen among the Epigraphists and Historians of Andhra (viz.) Late Sri M. Sömaśekhara Sarma, whose writings were a source of inspiration for me in the prosecution of the present work. So is Late R. Subbarao whose writings also helped me a lot in mouldling the work to the present shape. To them I express my sense of gratitude and offer my respectful homage. I owe a deep debt of gratitude to Late Dr. N. Ramesan, the then Director-General of Archaeology, Government of Andhra Pradesh for kindly permitting me to prosecute the work. My sincerest and heartful thanks go to my guide and mentor Sri M.L.K. Murthy, M.A., Ph.D., Deccan College, Poona under whose able guidance I could pursue the work.

It is my pleasant duty to record my thanks to my esteemed friends-cum-scholars Sri Dr. C.V. Ramachandra Rao and Dr. Y. Gopala Reddy who evinced keen interest in the work and gone through the work at every stage of its preparation.

Finally I am thankful to Sri P. Satyanarayana, Technical Assistant, who typed the manuscript neatly for the press in record time with diligence and care.

Foreword
In the context of Modern Indian historiography early medieval history for a long time had either been neglected (e.g. Oxford History of India) or equated with mere dynastic "histories". It was only due to the intensive work of great Indian historians (like K.A.N. Sastri, A.S. Altekar and R.C. Majumdar) and their joined efforts in monumental series like the "History and Culture of the Indian People" and "The Early History of the Deccan" that medieval Hindu kingdoms received due attention. But despite their undeniable merits, these great monographs on dynastic or regional history (e.g. on the Colas and Rastrakutas and on Bengal) had the disadvantage to delink the administrative structure, the social and religious conditions from the respective political and dynastic histories and to deal with these important aspects of an overall historical process in separate chapters or appendices. This has led to a "compartmentalization" and often even a gazetteer societal and cultural aspects. like depiction of Indian history and its various.

Since about two decades this "conventional" study of medieval Indian history has been challenged by a thorough discussion about conceptual frameworks and the applicability of the concepts of "Indian Feudalism" (R.S. Sharma) and, more recently the "Segmentary State" (B. Stein). But these theoretical discussions in many cases still suffer from the fact that so far only very few structural analyses on the basis of the whole corpus of the respective inscriptions exist.In the context of Modern Indian historiography early medieval history for a long time had either been neglected (e.g. Oxford History of India) or equated with mere dynastic "histories". It was only due to the intensive work of great Indian historians (like K.A.N. Sastri, A.S. Altekar and R.C. Majumdar) and their joined efforts in monumental series like the "History and Culture of the Indian People" and "The Early History of the Deccan" that medieval Hindu kingdoms received due attention. But despite their undeniable merits, these great monographs on dynastic or regional history (e.g. on the Colas and Rastrakutas and on Bengal) had the disadvantage to delink the administrative structure, the social and religious conditions from the respective political and dynastic histories and to deal with these important aspects of an overall historical process in separate chapters or appendices. This has led to a "compartmentalization" and often even a gazetteer societal and cultural aspects. like depiction of Indian history and its various. Since about two decades this "conventional" study of medieval Indian history has been challenged by a thorough discussion about conceptual frameworks and the applicability of the concepts of "Indian Feudalism" (R.S. Sharma) and, more recently the "Segmentary State" (B. Stein). But these theoretical discussions in many cases still suffer from the fact that so far only very few structural analyses on the basis of the whole corpus of the respective inscriptions exist.

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