The Fundamentals of Advaita Vedanta

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Item Code:	IDE487
Author:	K. Narain
Publisher:	Indological Research Centre, Varanasi
Language:	English
Edition:	2003
ISBN:	8188260002
Pages:	320
Cover:	Hardcover
Other Details	8.8" X 5.8"

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Book Description

From the Jacket:

This book is a reliable compendium covering the whole gamut of philosophical problems and metaphysical issues concerning the system of Sri Samkaracarya's Advaita Vedanta. Besides referring to the philosophical conceptions and arguments as available in Samkara's works, it also attempts the exposition of the arguments and ideas of the eminent Post Samkarite philosophers to give a logically satisfactory exposition to Samkara's system of Advaita Vedanta. This work is through exposition, based on original Samkrta sources, of the fundamentals of Advaita Vedanta, as a whole, distributing the book in Chapters related to different philosophical topics. The author also refers to some of the modern criticism against Advaita Vedanta by the protagonists of Dvaita Vedanta and Buddhism.

About the Author:

K. Narain, born and brought up at Faizabad in Uttar Pradesh, obtained degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Allahabad University in 1959. he has contributed several articles in national and international journals of Philosophy and Indology. His An Outline of Madhva Philosophy, A Critique of Madhva Refutation of the Samkara School of Vedanta, Madhva Darsan (Hindi) and The Philosophy of the Vallabha School of Vedanta are also pioneering works.

CONTENTS

I.	INTRODUCTION						1
	1	Samkara School and its Literature					4
	2	Resume of Advaita Vedanta Philosophy					9
II.	CRITERION OF TRUTH						13
III.	NATURE AND ORDERS OF REALITY						20
	1	Nature of Reality					20
		1.1	Buddhist Anti-Substantialism				22
		1.2	The Substantialist Reaction				24
		1.3	Samkara's Refutation of Buddhism				26
		1.4	Samkara's Refutation of Jaina Relativism				34
		1.5	Re-assertion of Absolutism				37
	2	Orders of Reality					38
IV.	THE NATURE OF FALSEHOOD						46
	1	First Definition					47
	2	Second Definition					52
	3	Third Definition					57
	4	Fourth Definition					60
	5	Fifth Definition					61
V.	EPISTEMOLOGY						65
	1	The Idea of Knowledge					65
		1.1	The Doctrine of Self				65
		1.2	Nature of Knowledge				68
			1.2.1	Nature of Consciousness			68
			1.2.2	Knowledge-object-relation			82
			1.2.3	Knowledge-self-relation			85
		1.3	The Nature of Ego				88
		1.4	Self-luminosity of Atman and Knowledge				90
	2	States and Forms of Knowledge					94
		2.1	States of Consciousness				95
			2.1.1	The Waking State			95
			2.1.2	The Dream State			96
			2.1.3	The Deep-sleep-state			98
		2.2	Forms of Knowledge				101
		2.3	Transcendental Formless Consciousness				102
		2.4	Other Supra-rational Forms of Knowledge				103
	3	Means of Knowledge					104
		3.1	Meaning and Statues of Pramana				104
		3.2	Number of Pramanas in Advaita Vedanta				106
		3.3	Theory of Emergence of Antahkarana in Perception				107
		3.4	Perception (Pratyaksa)				111
			3.4.1	Internal Perception			112
			3.4.2	External Perception			113
			3.4.3	Indeterminate and Determinate Perception			115
		3.5	Inference (Anumana)				118
			3.5.1	Definition of Inference			118
			3.5.2	The Meaning and Origin of Vyapti			119
			3.5.3	Types of Inference			120
			3.5.4	The Advaita Syllogism			121
		3.6	Comparison (Upamana)				123
		3.7	Presumption (Arthapatti)				124
			3.7.1	Types of Arthapatti			126
		3.8	Non-apprehension (Anupalabdhi)				127
			3.8.1	Testimony (Sabda)			129
				3.8.1.1	Nature of Aptatva		130
					3.8.1.1.1	Pauruseya	130
					3.8.1.1.2	Apauruseya	131
					3.8.1.1.3	Validity of Smrti	133
				3.8.1.2	Vedanta Semantics		134
					3.8.1.2.1	Conditions of Valid Knowledge	135
					3.8.1.2.2	Primary and Implied Meaning	137
	4	Relation between Experience, Reason and Authority					140
		4.1	Experience Vis-à-vis Reasoning and Authority				140
		4.2	Reasoning Vis-à-vis Scriptural Testimony				142
	5	Validity of Knowledge					145
		5.1	Paratah-pramanya Theory of Nyaya				145
		5.2	Advaita Vedanta Conception of Self-validity				147
	6	False Knowledge (Avidya)					149
		6.1	Introductory				149
		6.2	The Doctrine of Illusion				150
			6.2.1	Mimamsa Theories of Prabhakara and Kumarila			151
			6.2.2	Nyaya Anyathakhyativada			154
			6.2.3	Sadasadkhyati of Samkhya			156
			6.2.4	Sat-khyati of Ramanuja			156
			6.2.5	Asatkhyati of Madhyamika Buddhists			157
			6.2.6	Atmakhyati of Yogacara Buddhism			158
			6.2.7	Anirvacaniya-khyati of Advaita Vedanta			159
		6.3	The Process of Illusion				161
		6.4	Avidya, the material-cause of Adhyasa				163
			6.4.1	Nature of Avidya			164
			6.4.2	Definition of Avidya			164
			6.4.3	Logical Proofs of Nescience			167
VI.	REFUTATION OF DIFFERENCE						170
	1	Nature and Meaning of Difference					170
	2	Advaita Refutation of Difference and Formulation of Identity					172
		2.1	Criticism of Svarupavada				172
		2.2	Criticism of Attributive Theory				175
		2.3	Refutation of Bhedabheda				179
VII.	THEORY OF CAUSALITY						182
	1	Gaudapada's Doctrine of Non-origination					182
	2	Parinamavada and Vivarttavada					190
	3	Brahman as the world-cause					195
VIII.	THE CONCEPTION OF MAYA						203
IX.	THE CONCEPT OF GOD (ISVARA)						212
X.	PHILOSOPHY OF INDIVIDUAL SOUL						223
	1	Nature of Individual Soul (Jivatman)					223
		1.1	The Limitation Theory				224
		1.2	The Reflaction Theory				226
			1.2.1	The Vivarana View			228
			1.2.2	The Samksepasariraka View			229
			1.2.3	The Prakatartha View			231
			1.2.4	Vidyaranya's Exposition			231
		1.3	The Condition Theory				232
	2	Numbers of Souls					233
		2.1	Doctrine of One-Soul (Ekajivavada)				233
		2.2	Doctrine of Plurality of Souls (Anekajivavada)				234
	3	Dimensions of Soul					239
	4	Denial of Agency of Atman					243
	5	Relation between Jiva and Brahman					243
XI.	PHILOSOPHY OF WORLD						246
	1	Nature of World					246
	2	Inference proving Falsity of World					250
		2.1	Perceptibility as Reason				250
		2.2	Jadatva as Reason				253
		2.3	Finitude as Reason				253
		2.4	Amsatva as Reason				254
	3	The Doctrine of Creation					255
		3.1	The Process of Creation				256
		3.2	Pancikarana Process				257
		3.3	Creation of Subtle Bodies				258
		3.4	The Process of Dissolution				259
XII.	THE SUMMUM BONUM AND THE MEANS						260
	1	Introductory					260
	2	The Nature of Moksa					261
	3	Pathways to Attainment of Liberation					267
		3.1	Path of the Realization of Nirguna-Brahman				268
		3.2	Path of Realization through meditation on Qualified Brahman				272
	4	Doctrine of Jivanmukti					273
	5	Knowledge as means to Liberation					278
	6	Utility of Karma as means to Knowledge					280
	7	Bhakti as means to Knowledge					282
	8	Eschatology					284
XIII.	CONCLUDING REMARKS						286
	BIBLIOGRAPHY						291
	INDEX						299

Sample Pages

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