Ethnicity, Culture and Development of North-East India

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With eight sister states, each with very unique identities in terms of ethnicity, food, language, culture, the whole of the northeast has been and still remains a politically vital and strategically vulnerable region of India. Increasingly, subsequent to interactions with non-tribal communities and excess immigration, indigenous communities have been facing threats and are close to social exclusion in the country. Due to this threat of exclusion, the northeast region has, over the years, witnessed emergence of unemployment, poverty and extremist organizations challenging the sovereignty, integrity and the development of the region.

This selected volume is a greater collection of 13 peer reviewed articles to identify and address the issues of Ethnicity, Culture and Development of the people of North East India in proper perspective. The present book endeavors to find the actual issues of ethnicity, culture and development of the region in development perspectives and reckoned that the book will provide an avenue for discussion and new research directions.

RITUMANI HALOI (b.1978), Ph.D is Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Karimganj College, Assam, India. He is engaged in teaching at Under Graduate Level for last 13 years along with active research. Before this volume, he has published 3 edited books with ISBN and also has the experience in organizing UGC Sponsored National Seminars and Workshops. Besides, he is the Editorial Board Member of Pratidhwani the Echo (www.thecho.in) and the International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Studies (www.ijhsss.com), online and print bilingual (English and Bengali) Interdisciplinary research Journals. He has published research papers and articles in national and international journals.

GADAPANI SARMA (b.1976) is Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Economics, Karimganj College, Assam, India. He is engaged in teaching at Under Graduate Level for last 14 years along with active research. He has the experience in organizing UGC Sponsored National Seminars and Workshops. He has also published research papers and articles in national and international journals. Apart from these, he is also the Company Commandant of NCC 'A' Company, Karimganj College, Assam and has received the Award from the Hon'ble Governor of Assam in the year 2021 for his outstanding activities in NCC.

ARUP KIVAR SARMA (b.1979) is Assistant Prelesser and Head, Department of Economics Bihpuria College, Lakhimpur, Assam, In He is engaged in teaching at Under Grade Level for last 10 years along with active research. He has published a number of research papers and articles in national and International journals.

Bringing out a volume to address the Ethnicity, Culture and Development of North East India is a very much challenging task where over 220 ethnic groups and equal number of dialects are living for so many years. The hill states in the region are predominantly inhabited by tribal people with a degree of diversity even within the tribal groups. The region's population results from ancient and continuous flows of migrations from Tibet, Indo-Gangetic India, the Himalayas, present Bangladesh, and Myanmar The Adivasi, Anal Naga, Assamese, Bahun, Bhutia, Bishnupriya, Biate, Bodo, Chakma, Chhetri, Chorei, Deori, Dimasa, Garo, Gurung, Hajong, Hmar, Jamatia, Karbi, Khasi, Khampti, Koch, Kom, Kuki. Lepcha, Mishing etcetera are the common and indigenous ethnic communities of this region. Statistically, there are 39.1 million people living in this region with 33 million in rural areas, and, on an average, 31.88 percent people live below the poverty line.

Unlike the other part of the country, this region is essentially an agro-based economy. Large industries are virtually non-existent and infrastructural bottlenecks aggravate the geographical isolation of the region. Also, due to the lack of modernization, agriculture continues to be chiefly seasonal in character and is mostly carried out in a traditional way. In the absence of irrigation facilities, mono cropping is a rule rather than an exception. Given the diverse ethnic groups, a large number of traditional professions from the North Eastern Region of India have become vulnerable and are on the verge of extinction. Importantly, the younger generations of such community even do not respect their own profession, rapidly migrating to other profession and places to secure employment and livelihood under changing culture and environment.

**Contents and Sample Pages**