Emergence of Dalit Leadership in Panchayat Raj Institutions (A Case Study of Andhra and Telangana States)

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This book of Emergence of Dalit Leadership in Panchayati Raj Institutions-A Case Study of Andhra and Telangana States, this text is the combination of six chapters; this book explains the historical background of the Rural Local Governments in India from the olden days onwards, at time of beginning. villages are self-governing communities, characterized by agrarian economies, had existed in India from the earliest times, its appearance was mentioned in the Rigveda, which dates from nearly 1200 B.C. There is a evidence was available on the existence of Village "Sabha' it called as Council of Assemblies and gramists until about 600 B.C. In course of time, these village bodies took the form of Panchayats, at the time of British rule, they also taken some steps for the empowerment of local bodies, these bodies only can easily solve the local needs and difficulties of the people, after the India's Independency, Indian Union Government inaugurated the Community Developmental Programmer from 1952, but, there no proper success, the Government of India appointed a high level Commission under the chairmanship of Balwant Roy Mehata, this commission was clearly mentioned, that, the lack of public participation in government, for the involvement of the people the commission recommended for the Introducing of Panchayati Raj Institutions in Rural and Urban areas. Based on the report of Mehata, Indian State Governments. implemented the three tire Panchayati Raj System, first implemented by the Rajasthan, second by the Andhra Pradesh from 1959 onwards, after three decades there no systematic functioning of the Rural Local Governments, for the strengthening of the Panchayati Raj Institutions, the Indian Parliament made a 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, this act provided Constitutional recognition and sufficient powers to the Local bodies and also provided Special Reservations to the Women, Scheduled Castes, Schedule Tribes. Before that these local bodies are under the control of feudal land lords and rich families and Communities, due to that power is in the hands of only in few families, nearly 90 percent population away from the Governance, due to the 73rd Amendment implementation, women, Dalit and Tribal communities involved in the Decision making process in their localities, there is scope for the involvement of the all sections of the local people for the perfect functioning of Panchayati Raj Institutions, particularly Dalit leadership emerged in a crucial level as per the dreams of Ambedkar's.

The Author Dr. Surarapu Bixsham was born on 06- 08-1967 at a remote small village of Rangapuram part of Thanamcherla Grama Panchayati, distance between the two are 7 Kms, School education Up to 7th class at Upper Primary School, Thanamcherla, then 8th to 10th class at Zilla Parishad Secondary School at Maripeda, after the completion of 10th class, joined Intermediate at Government Junior College for boys Mahabubabad. After the Passing of the Intermediate joined in B A, course at University Arts and Science College, Subedari, Hanamkonda. For Post-Graduation of Political Science, joined at University Campus College, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Bachelor of Education is also completed by the year of 1993. And Passed the National Eligibility Test for Lectureship in Universities and Colleges in 1994, then appointed as School Teacher under Government Sector, with District Selection Committee-1996 Recruitment, then Selected for the Post of Lecturer in Political Science at Government Aided New Science College, Ameerpet, Hyderabad on 26-02-2000 and completed the Doctor of Philosophy Ph.D. on 17- 02-2012, then, Promoted as Associate Professor of Political Science form 20-02-2014, Presently working as Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Political Science at Government Degree College, Chanchalguda, Hyderabad and participated in various National seminars, Orientation Course, three Refresher Courses organized by Osmania University, Hyderabad, and also participated in work-shops organized by the Staff Selection Commission, Government of India and Institute of Public Enterprises, Osmania University, Hyderabad. And Published 32 Articles in different Journals in National

It gives me immense please to acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude to my research supervisor and guide, Prof. P. Hussain Khan, Department of Political Science, Kakatiya University, Warangal for his encouragement, inspiring guidance and giving me an opportunity to do this research work under his guidance. I acknowledge his sense of straight for wardness, impartiality and critical approach to the theme under study. I can never forget his hospitality and kind treatment during my study period. I am indebted to my guide for evincing keen interest and for taking meticulous care all through the study, despite his personal inconveniences without his unstinted support, this research work would not have been completed, therefore, any amount of praise would be inadequate.

Preamble or Preface of this book of Emergence of Dalit Leadership in Panchayati Raj Institutions A Case Study of Andhra and Telangana States, this text is the combination of six chapters, this book explains the historical background of the Rural Local Governments in India from the olden days onwards, at time of beginning, villages are self-governing communities, characterized by agrarian economies, had existed in India from the earliest times, its appearance was mentioned in the Rigveda, which dates from nearly 1200 B.C. There is a evidence was available on the existence of Village 'Sabha' it called as Council of Assemblies and gramists until about 600 B.C.

Since India attained Independence, our Political leadership was eager to have effective decentralization of power through Panchayati Raj Institutions so that the people at large could effectively participate in nation building¹. After independence several developments have taken place in the field of Panchayati Raj. Village was an economic as well as administration unit at the grass root level Panchayati Raj Institutions were established in accordance with the Article 40 of the Indian Constitution under the Directive Principles of State Policy which states that "The State shall take steps to organize Village Panchayati and endow them with such powers as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of Local Self-Government proximately their percent of the rural population is estimated to lower percentage in urban areas.