Dalit Struggle for Self Liberation

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"Dalit" came to be used as an umbrella term for all those caste groups and communities that had suffered oppression in different forms since ancient times. They were labelled as untouchables and as they became conscious about their rights, they started organizing themselves into one single entity. This organization started by Jyotiba Phule finally culminated into dalit assertion under the leadership of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar. The process of formation of dalit identity passed through different stages in the form of various lower caste movements during the freedom struggle. Finally, it was concretized into a unified social and political concept. It aims at seeking basic rights and attaining political power as a means to attain dignity.

Dinesh Goyal was born in June 17, 1965 in Bihar. He completed his Graduation Degree in Political Science from C.C.S University and Post Graduation in Political Science, English and Education from C.C.S University. He worked as a education officer in different department. His writing style is unique and creative. He always try to aware the people about social issues by his writing.

The history of dalit struggles in relation to the national movement and the communist movement, and to bring to the fore the important role the dalit movement has played in the democratic movement of the country and is going to play in the new democratic struggles in the future. Communists have to think seriously about the theoretical basis for an immediate practical solution to the problem of caste oppression. This issue is emerging on a national scale today and is taking new forms, where the masses of caste Hindu poor peasants and even agricultural labourers are participating in attacks on dalits under the leadership of rich farmers.

The problem is one of posing a real programme for agrarian revolution; for, what the rich farmers are proposing today (and what constitutes an important basis of their appeal to poor and middle peasants) is their own solution to the agrarian problem and unemployment - a capitalist solution of giving land to the (landed) tiller and employing the rest as agricultural labourers and in small industries.

A concrete alternative has, therefore, to be put forward - a programme which does more than simply ameliorate the condition of dalits as proletarianised agricultural labourers or give them 'waste' surplus land which keeps in view the specific nature of caste relations in the rural area and the need for building a revolutionary unity between dalits and caste Hindu toilers, between agricultural labourers and poor and middle peasants.

Hindi literature includes literature in the various Central Zone Indo-Aryan languages which have writing systems. It is broadly classified into four prominent forms (styles) based on the date of production. They are:

Vir-Gatha kal (poems extolling brave warriors) - 11th-14th century

Bhakti kal poems (devotional poems)- 14th-18th century

Riti or Srngar kal poems (poems of romance) - 18th-20th century

Adhunik kal (modern literature) - 20th century onwards

The literature was produced in dialects such as Braj, Bundeli, Awadhi, Kannauji, Khariboli, Marwari, Magahi, Bhojpuri and Chhattisgarhi. From the 20th century, works produced in Standard Hindi, a register of Hindustani written in the Devanagari script, are sometimes regarded as the only basis of modern literature in Hindi.

ADI KAL OR VIR-GATHA KAL (C. 1050 TO 1375) Literature of Adi kal (c. before the 15th century CE) was developed in the regions of Kannauj, Delhi, Ajmer stretching up to central India. Prithviraj Raso, an epic poem written by Chand Bardai (1149 c. 1200), is considered as one of the first works in the history of Hindi literature. Chand Bardai was a court poet of Prithviraj Chauhan, the famous ruler of Delhi and Ajmer during the invasion of Muhammad of Ghor.

Jayachand, the last ruler of Kannauj belonging to the Rathore Rajput clan, gave more patronage to Sanskrit rather than local dialects. Harsha, the author of Naishdhiya Charitra, was his court poet. Jagnayak (sometimes Jagnik), the royal poet in Mahoba, and Nalha, the royal poet in Ajmer, were the other prominent literary figures in this period. However, after Prithviraj Chauhan's defeat in the Second Battle of Tarain, most literary works belonging to this period were destroyed by the army of Muhammad of Ghor. Very few scriptures and manuscripts from this period are available and their genuineness is also doubted.

Some Siddha and Nathpanthi poetical works belonging to this period are also found, but their genuineness is again, doubted.

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