Child Labour in Tripura Causes and Consequences

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The book "Child Labour in Tripura causes and consequences" is mainly based on Ph.D. research work done by Dr. Ratan Majumder under the guidance of Professor Dr Chandrika Basu Majumder, Dean, Faculty of Arts and Commerce, Tripura University (A central University). The book "Child Labour in Tripura causes and consequences" by Dr Majumder tries to provide an insight into the status of implementation of child labour laws, rules and regulations and analyse the root causes of the incidence of child labour in different sectors of Tripura. This book constitutes a well-off contribution to this issue of countrywide significance. It brings into clear spotlight concepts, problems, issues, causes and consequences of Child Labour in Tripura as well as in India. The book will prove to be a very useful text for the academi- cians, educationist, social workers, policy makers and the researchers and also to those who would like to share their views and experience towards the issue of child labour.

Dr Ratan Majumder (born in 1966) on having obtained an M.A. in Political Science from Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh in 1992, opted for teaching profession in 1995 as a Guest Faculty in Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia, South Tripura. In 2002 he was appointed as Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science in Government Degree College Dharmanagar, North Tripura. He has a long teaching experience and participated in national and international workshops, seminars and conferences and presented papers. A good number of research papers written by him have been published in different journal of national repute. At present he is working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science, Tripura Government Law College, Agartala, Tripura.

It gives me an immense pleasure in introducing the book title "Child Labour in Tripura: Causes and Consequences" which is mainly based on the Ph.D. research work done by Dr. Ratan Majumder, the author of the book.

The mediaeval police state and the nineteenth century minimal state have been replaced by the twentieth century welfare state. The twentieth century has extensively preoccupied its attention to social problems at home. An initiation of social principles has expressed itself in deliberations and discussions on child welfare and social problems faced by the oppressed people.

Child labour has been defined variously by different scholars, social scientists and organisations. Child labour refers to the employment of children in gainful occupations as a material contribution to the income of the family. It is both an economic and a social evil in that leads to serious health hazards and denies them opportunity for physical and mental development.

The book "Child Labour in Tripura: Causes and Consequences" by Dr. Ratan Majumder tries to provide an insight into the status of implementation of child labour laws, rules and regulations and to provide an attempts to find out the causes of the incidence of child labour in different sectors of Tripura.

This book constitutes a well-off input to an issue of countrywide importance. It brings into clear spotlight, concepts, problems, issues, causes and consequences of Child Labour in Tripura as well as India. I am very confident that the present effort will be helpful to academicians, research scholars and policy makers in future.

Since time immemorial, the virtues of industriousness have been generally praised and the vices of idleness have been condemned almost universally. The spirit of the age was so compelling that even the children are not spared. In other words, even the children would be persuaded and sometimes compelled to do various domestic jobs.

A reversal of trend in the spirit of the age came a few centuries ago. The industrial revolution (1760) in Europe remarkably as a presents itself turning point. In the factory system of productions, adult workers and children are engaged in large numbers. This scene did not escape the notice of the social reformers, philanthropists and writers. Karl Marx, (1818-1883) in his book 'Manifesto of the Communist Party', (1848), has argued for universal and free education for all children and stopping child labour in workshops and factories. The efforts by Marx and other social reformers preceding and following him ushered in an era of movements for economic betterment of the poverty-striken people. The twentieth century has witnessed a flood of enactment of statutes, conventions, publications of reports, books and journals dealing with the issue of child labour.

India, with the adoption of The Children (Pledging of Labour) Act 1933, has perhaps, for the first time, prohibited the pledging and employment of child labour. Independence in India has stimulated all sorts of socio-economic and legal steps for the betterment of the victims of child labour.

Since the independence, improvement in education and standard of living and humanitarian spirit have felt in Tripura. This dissertation aims at investigating of the magnitude, extent and nature of child labour problem. Not only does it show the gravity of the problem in Tripura. But also one of the major causes of this problem in Tripura lying in the geo-political situation of the state.

**Contents and Sample Pages**